7 Powerful Self-Compassion Lessons from "Inside Out"
7 Powerful Self-Compassion Lessons from "Inside Out"

4 months ago

Self Compassion Techniques

7 Powerful Self-Compassion Lessons from "Inside Out"

7 Powerful Self-Compassion Lessons from "Inside Out"

In the Pixar film "Inside Out," we are taken on a journey through the emotions of an 11-year-old girl named Riley. While the film explores the complexities of growing up and dealing with change, it also provides valuable insights into the power of self-compassion. In this article, we will delve into 7 powerful self-compassion lessons we can learn from this beloved animated classic.

1. Embrace All of Your Emotions

One of the central themes of "Inside Out" is the importance of acknowledging and accepting all of our emotions, even the difficult ones like sadness and anger. The film's protagonists, the personified emotions of Joy, Sadness, Fear, Anger, and Disgust, each play a crucial role in Riley's development and well-being.

Similarly, in the journey of self-compassion, we must learn to embrace all of our emotions, not just the positive ones. Sadness, anger, and even fear have valuable lessons to teach us about ourselves and our experiences. By acknowledging and validating these emotions, we can foster a deeper understanding and acceptance of our whole selves.

As Anaya Scott explains, "Self-compassion is not about ignoring or suppressing our negative emotions. It's about meeting them with kindness, understanding, and a willingness to learn from them. When we embrace all of our emotions, we unlock a path to greater self-awareness and growth."

2. Allow Yourself to Feel

In "Inside Out," we witness Riley's struggle to keep her emotions, particularly Sadness, at bay. She tries to maintain a facade of happiness, even when she's dealing with the challenges of moving to a new city and starting a new school. However, as the film progresses, we see the importance of allowing herself to fully experience and express her emotions.

Similarly, in our own lives, we often try to suppress or ignore our difficult emotions, thinking that this will make us feel better. But true self-compassion requires us to allow ourselves to feel – to acknowledge the pain, the frustration, the grief, and to let ourselves fully experience it. Only then can we begin the process of healing and growth.

As Morris Martin shares, "Self-compassion is not about putting on a brave face or trying to be 'positive' all the time. It's about creating a safe space for ourselves to feel our emotions, without judgment or criticism. When we allow ourselves to feel, we open the door to deeper self-understanding and the opportunity to offer ourselves the kindness and care we need."

3. Separate Yourself from Your Emotions

In "Inside Out," we see how the different emotions can take over and dominate Riley's experience. At times, Joy becomes so consumed with maintaining happiness that she neglects the importance of Sadness. Similarly, Anger and Fear can sometimes hijack the control panel, leading to impulsive and potentially harmful reactions.

In our own lives, we often identify so strongly with our emotions that we become lost in them. Self-compassion teaches us to separate ourselves from our emotions, to observe them with curiosity and kindness rather than getting swept up in them. This allows us to respond to our experiences with greater clarity and wisdom, rather than reacting impulsively.

As Eliza Campbell explains, "When we can step back and see our emotions as temporary experiences, rather than permanent parts of our identity, we create the space to respond to them with self-compassion. We can acknowledge their presence, validate their importance, and then choose how to move forward in a way that serves our well-being."

4. Reframe Your Mistakes and Failures

In "Inside Out," we witness Riley's struggle with the mistakes and failures she encounters, such as her disappointing performance in a hockey game. These setbacks trigger strong emotions like Sadness and Anger, which can be challenging to navigate.

Similarly, in our own lives, we often beat ourselves up over our mistakes and failures, berating ourselves and engaging in self-criticism. Self-compassion, however, encourages us to reframe these experiences not as personal flaws, but as opportunities for growth and learning.

As Angel Diaz shares, "When we approach our mistakes and failures with self-compassion, we can see them as temporary setbacks, rather than permanent reflections of our worth. We can acknowledge the pain or disappointment, and then ask ourselves, 'What can I learn from this experience? How can I grow and improve?' This shift in perspective can be incredibly empowering."

5. Cultivate Self-Compassionate Perspectives

In "Inside Out," the character of Sadness plays a crucial role in Riley's emotional development. While Joy initially tries to minimize Sadness's influence, the film ultimately shows how Sadness can provide important insights and help Riley process the changes she's experiencing.

Similarly, in our own lives, we can cultivate self-compassionate perspectives that allow us to see our experiences from a more balanced and empathetic point of view. This might involve asking ourselves questions like, "How would I treat a close friend in this situation?" or "What would a compassionate, caring person say to me right now?"

As Morris Martin reflects, "Self-compassion is about developing the ability to speak to ourselves with the same kindness and understanding we would offer to a loved one. When we can adopt this compassionate inner voice, we open the door to profound personal growth and transformation."

6. Embrace the Roller Coaster of Emotions

One of the key lessons from "Inside Out" is the recognition that our emotions are not static or one-dimensional. Instead, they are constantly shifting and interacting, creating a dynamic and sometimes chaotic emotional landscape.

Similarly, in our own lives, self-compassion requires us to embrace the roller coaster of emotions we experience, rather than trying to maintain a constant state of happiness or positivity. By acknowledging and accepting the full range of our feelings, we can navigate the ups and downs with greater ease and resilience.

As Anaya Scott explains, "Self-compassion is not about eliminating difficult emotions or striving for some idealized state of perpetual contentment. It's about learning to ride the waves of our emotional experiences with kindness, understanding, and a willingness to grow through the process."

7. Cultivate Compassionate Self-Care

Throughout "Inside Out," we see the characters engaging in various forms of self-care, whether it's Joy taking a break to rejuvenate or Sadness seeking solace in Riley's memories. These acts of self-care are crucial for maintaining emotional balance and well-being.

In the realm of self-compassion, cultivating compassionate self-care practices is equally important. This might involve activities like mindfulness meditation, journaling, spending time in nature, or engaging in hobbies that bring us joy and nourishment.

As Eliza Campbell shares, "Self-compassion is not just about how we talk to ourselves, but also how we treat ourselves. When we make self-care a priority and approach it with kindness and gentleness, we send a powerful message to ourselves that we are worthy of care and attention. This, in turn, can have a profound impact on our overall well-being and resilience."


Through the powerful lessons of "Inside Out," we can unlock the transformative power of self-compassion. By embracing our full range of emotions, allowing ourselves to feel, separating ourselves from our experiences, reframing our mistakes, cultivating compassionate perspectives, embracing the roller coaster of emotions, and engaging in self-care, we can unlock a deeper understanding and acceptance of ourselves.

As we navigate the complexities of life, let us take inspiration from the characters of "Inside Out" and embark on a journey of self-compassion that will enrich our lives and empower us to grow in ways we never thought possible.

Hello, I'm Tom White.

At 30 years old, I've spent the past five years dedicated to helping individuals find their inner strength and resilience. I firmly believe that every challenge we face is an opportunity for growth, and my mission is to guide you through these challenges with compassion, understanding, and a touch of humor.

Mindfulness is at the core of my practice. By cultivating a present-focused mindset, we can tackle issues such as stress vs. anxiety, preventing burnout, and coping with homesickness. Through mindfulness techniques, I aim to help you develop a deeper awareness of your thoughts and emotions, enabling you to handle life's pressures more effectively.

Phobias and substance abuse are significant hurdles that many face, but they are not insurmountable. Together, we'll work on overcoming these fears and dependencies, building a foundation of strength and confidence. In addition, I offer support for internet addiction and managing personal crises, ensuring you have the tools needed to regain control and find balance in your life.

The power of peer support cannot be underestimated. Understanding the benefits of a supportive community, I encourage the use of peer networks to bolster your journey towards wellness. This approach can be particularly effective when dealing with emotional abuse or navigating the turbulent waters of divorce.

We all experience envy from time to time, but it's how we deal with it that matters. I'll help you explore the roots of these feelings and develop healthier ways to cope. Similarly, the psychology of forgiveness and self-compassion techniques are crucial aspects of healing and moving forward. By fostering forgiveness and self-love, we open doors to a more peaceful and fulfilling life.

Humor is a powerful therapeutic tool. The psychology of humor teaches us that laughter can be a great healer, helping to reduce stress and improve our overall outlook. Alongside this, understanding the benefits of daydreaming can unlock creativity and provide a mental escape from daily stressors.

In our fast-paced world, the psychology of waiting plays a significant role in how we manage expectations and patience. I'll assist you in developing strategies to handle waiting periods productively and without undue stress.

Life is full of twists and turns, but you don't have to face them alone. Whether you're dealing with a personal crisis, battling stress and anxiety, or simply looking to build a more resilient mindset, I'm here to support you every step of the way. Let's work together to transform your challenges into strengths and create a path towards a brighter, more resilient future.

I look forward to connecting with you and embarking on this journey of growth and healing together.

Warm regards,
Tom White

Top 10 Diverse Relationship Types Redefining Love
Relationship Diversity
6 months ago
In this modern age, our understanding of relationships has significantly evolved. No longer are we confined to the traditional relationship model. Instead, we're embracing a variety of relationship types that redefine our understanding of love and connection. Here, we explore ten diverse relationship types that are challenging the norms and redefining love in the 21st century.1. Monogamous RelationshipsLet's start with the most common and widely accepted form of relationship: monogamy. In a monogamous relationship, two people commit to each other exclusively. This form of relationship is typically marked by loyalty, commitment, and mutual emotional support. While it may be the traditional norm, it continues to evolve and adapt to modern sensibilities.2. Polyamorous RelationshipsAt the opposite end of the spectrum from monogamy lies polyamory. This form of relationship involves multiple consensual, ethical, and responsible romantic relationships. It emphasizes open communication, honesty, and equal respect among all partners. Polyamory is gaining recognition as a valid form of relationship that challenges the concept of exclusivity in love.3. Open RelationshipsAn open relationship is another form of non-monogamous relationship. In an open relationship, partners agree to have other romantic or sexual partners outside their primary relationship. This type of relationship requires a high level of communication and trust, and it challenges the notion that one person can fulfill all our needs.4. Long-Distance RelationshipsWith advancements in technology, more people are engaging in long-distance relationships. Despite being geographically separated, individuals maintain their romantic bond through digital communication. This relationship type illustrates that love can span distances and time zones.5. Casual RelationshipsCasual relationships, or 'no strings attached' relationships, are formed on the basis of mutual consent without any serious commitment. They can involve physical intimacy without the promise of a long-term connection. Such relationships challenge the traditional link between love, commitment, and physical intimacy.6. Friends with BenefitsA friend with benefits relationship is a type of casual relationship where friends engage in sexual activity without being romantically involved. It blurs the lines between friendship and romance, challenging our understanding of these two distinct categories.7. Asexual RelationshipsNot all relationships revolve around sexual attraction. In an asexual relationship, partners bond on an emotional level but do not have sexual relations. These relationships underscore the importance of emotional intimacy in a partnership, independent of sexual desire.8. Aromantic RelationshipsIn an aromantic relationship, individuals have little to no romantic feelings towards their partner. The relationship is based on a deep bond and companionship rather than romantic love. This type of relationship challenges the notion that romantic love is a necessary component of a successful relationship.9. Queerplatonic RelationshipsQueerplatonic relationships reside somewhere between friendship and romantic relationships. They involve a deep emotional connection that goes beyond traditional friendship but doesn't necessarily involve romantic feelings. These relationships demonstrate that love can exist outside of the binary of platonic and romantic love.10. Solo PolyamoryLast but not least, solo polyamory is a form of polyamory where individuals have multiple partners but maintain their independence. They prioritize their autonomy and do not seek to entwine their lives with their partners in the ways typical of traditional relationships. This type of relationship emphasizes individuality within a shared bond.In conclusion, these diverse relationship types illustrate that love is not a one-size-fits-all concept. It's fluid, flexible, and as varied as the individuals who experience it. As we continue to evolve and challenge societal norms, our understanding of love will undoubtedly continue to expand and redefine itself. After all, love is a beautiful spectrum, not a narrow path.
10 Effective Strategies for Resolving Relationship Conflicts
Navigating Relationship Conflicts
6 months ago
Every relationship, no matter how harmonious, experiences conflicts from time to time. These disagreements and misunderstandings can often lead to tension and stress, which if not addressed properly, can cause the relationship to break down. But fear not! Conflict is not necessarily a bad thing. It's an opportunity for growth, improved understanding, and increased intimacy if handled appropriately. Here are ten effective strategies for resolving relationship conflicts.1. Open CommunicationThe foundation of any successful relationship is open communication. It is vital to express your thoughts, feelings, and concerns honestly yet respectfully. This helps prevent misunderstandings and unspoken resentment from building up over time.In addition, active listening is a crucial component of open communication. It involves not just hearing the words spoken by your partner but also understanding their message and perspective.2. Practice EmpathyEmpathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another. When you empathize with your partner, you see things from their perspective, making it easier to find common ground. Remember, empathy doesn't mean agreement, it just means understanding.3. Stay Focused on the Issue at HandWhen in conflict, it's easy to get sidetracked by other issues or past arguments. However, it's important to stay focused on the current issue and avoid bringing up unrelated problems. This ensures that each conflict gets the attention it needs to be properly resolved.4. Avoid the Blame GamePointing fingers and blaming each other will only escalate the conflict. Instead of saying "You always…" or "You never…", use I-statements such as "I feel…" or "I need…". This approach expresses your feelings and needs without blaming or criticizing your partner.5. Take a Time-outWhen emotions run high, it can be beneficial to take a brief time-out. This allows both of you to calm down, gather your thoughts, and approach the discussion with a clearer mind. Remember, the goal is not to win an argument, but to resolve the conflict in a way that strengthens your relationship.6. Be Willing to CompromiseA successful relationship requires compromise. Both partners need to be willing to give a little to find a solution that works for both. Keep in mind that compromise doesn't mean giving up on your needs or values; it means finding a middle ground where both partners feel heard and valued.7. Seek Professional HelpIf conflicts persist or seem to get worse over time, seeking professional help from a therapist or counselor might be beneficial. They can provide valuable tools and strategies for communication, conflict resolution, and strengthening your relationship.8. Practice ForgivenessOnce a conflict has been resolved, it's important to forgive each other. Holding onto grudges or resentment only leads to more conflict in the future. Remember, everyone makes mistakes, and forgiveness is a key ingredient in a healthy, loving relationship.9. Learn from ConflictEvery conflict provides a learning opportunity. It can help you understand your partner better, identify areas where you need improvement, and strengthen your relationship. So, instead of viewing conflict as a threat, see it as a chance for growth and development.10. Show Love and AffectionLast but not least, remember to show love and affection to your partner, even during conflicts. Small gestures of love, like a hug or a kind word, can go a long way in maintaining a positive atmosphere and reminding each other that despite the disagreements, you still care for and value each other.In conclusion, conflicts in relationships are normal and can be managed effectively with these strategies. The key is to approach each disagreement with respect, understanding, and a willingness to find a resolution that benefits both partners. With patience, empathy, and open communication, you can navigate through any conflict and come out stronger on the other side.
5 Steps to Begin Mindfulness Meditation for Beginners
Mindfulness Meditation
6 months ago
Have you ever found yourself overwhelmed by your thoughts, feeling like your mind is running a marathon at full speed without the option to slow down? If so, mindfulness meditation might be exactly what you need. It's a simple and effective practice that helps you live in the present moment, reduce stress, improve your mental clarity, and enhance your overall quality of life. In this guide, we will walk you through 5 steps to begin mindfulness meditation, especially designed for beginners.Step 1: Understand What Mindfulness Meditation IsMindfulness meditation is a type of meditation that involves focusing on your mind on the present. Instead of dwelling on the past or anticipating the future, mindfulness encourages you to embrace the current moment. It's about acknowledging reality as it is and accepting it without judgment.Mindfulness meditation can be practiced anywhere and at any time, regardless of whether you're sitting, lying down, walking, or even doing chores. The key is to be aware of your experiences as they happen and stay engaged with your present situation.Step 2: Set Up Your Meditation SpaceBefore you start practicing mindfulness meditation, it's beneficial to establish a calm and quiet space where you won't be disturbed. This doesn't necessarily mean you need a dedicated meditation room; a peaceful corner in your home or even your garden can work just as well. Find a comfortable position: Whether you choose to sit on a cushion, a chair, or lie down is entirely up to you. What matters most is that you're comfortable and can maintain a good posture without feeling strained. Minimize potential distractions: Turn off any electronic devices, close your door, or put up a 'do not disturb' sign if needed. It's essential to create an environment that allows you to focus on your practice. Create a soothing atmosphere: Some people find it helpful to dim the lights, light a candle, or play soft, ambient music. However, these are optional and entirely up to your preference. Step 3: Practice Focused AttentionAt the heart of mindfulness meditation is the practice of focused attention. This involves concentrating on a specific object, thought, or activity to train your mind to remain in one place at a time. Choose a meditation object: This could be anything from your breath, a mantra, or even an external object like a candle flame. The idea is to have something you can focus your attention on throughout your practice. Practice observing without judgment: As you focus on your chosen object, thoughts will inevitably arise. Instead of getting caught up in them, try to observe them as neutral events and let them pass by without engaging with them. Return to your focus object: Each time your mind wanders away from your focus object, gently bring your attention back to it. With consistent practice, you'll be able to maintain your focus for longer periods. Step 4: Cultivate Mindfulness in Everyday LifeMindfulness meditation isn't just about the time you spend in meditation—it's also about how you live your daily life. By intentionally practicing mindfulness in everyday activities, you can enhance your overall experience and imbibe the benefits of mindfulness more deeply. Pay attention to routine activities: Whether you're brushing your teeth, eating a meal, or commuting to work, try to stay fully engaged in the activity instead of letting your mind wander. Practice mindful listening: When conversing with others, practice active listening where you give your full attention to the speaker and focus on understanding their message without planning your response. Take mindful breaks: Throughout your day, take a few minutes to step back from your tasks, close your eyes, and take a few deep breaths. This can help reset your mind and enhance your focus. Step 5: Maintain Consistency in Your PracticeThe benefits of mindfulness meditation are cumulative, which means they build up over time. It's not about how long you meditate but rather how consistent you are with your practice. Even just a few minutes each day can make a significant difference. Start small: As a beginner, start with just a few minutes of meditation each day and gradually increase the duration as you get more comfortable. Schedule your practice: Make mindfulness a part of your daily routine by setting aside a specific time for it each day, like first thing in the morning or right before bed. Be patient with yourself: Don't worry if you struggle with maintaining focus or calming your mind initially. This is completely normal. The key is to be patient with yourself and keep practicing. To conclude, mindfulness meditation is a powerful tool that can help improve your mental wellbeing, enhance your concentration, and bring a sense of peace and balance to your life. Remember, the journey of mindfulness is not about achieving perfection but about embracing each moment as it comes. So, take the first step today and embark on this rewarding journey of self-discovery and inner peace.
Transforming My Connections: A Personal Journey in Social Skills Training
Social Skills Training
6 months ago
It wasn't always this way. There was a time when I would shudder at the thought of social gatherings, avoid eye contact, and stumble over my words in conversation. My struggle with social skills was real, and it was affecting every aspect of my life. But let me tell you a story - my story - about how I transformed my connections through social skills training.Chapter 1: The StruggleI was always a quiet child. Shy and introverted, I preferred the company of books to people. As I grew older, this preference turned into a more serious issue. I found it difficult to communicate effectively, understand social cues, or build meaningful relationships. It was like everyone else had been handed a manual on 'how to be social,' and I had been skipped.Chapter 2: The RealizationIt hit me during a university networking event. I was surrounded by dynamic individuals who were confidently expressing their ideas and building connections. I, on the other hand, stood in a corner, struggling to initiate a conversation. It was crystal clear – I needed to improve my social skills.Chapter 3: The DecisionRecognizing the problem is the first step towards solving it. I decided to take control and seek help. After some research, I stumbled upon social skills training. It seemed like the perfect solution – structured, systematic, and goal-oriented. I took the plunge and signed up for a course.Chapter 4: The Journey BeginsThe first day of training was overwhelming, to say the least. We were a diverse group, united by our shared goal of improving our social skills. The sessions were a mix of theory and practical exercises. We learned about body language, active listening, and the art of small talk. But learning these skills was just half the battle; the real challenge was applying them in real-life situations.Chapter 5: The TransformationSlowly but surely, I started noticing changes. I began to understand the nuances of communication. I learned to listen actively, respond empathetically, and express myself confidently. I became better at reading body language and understanding unspoken cues. I was no longer the quiet observer in social situations; I was an active participant.The First MilestoneThe first real test came during a family gathering. I found myself engaging in meaningful conversations, making people laugh, and genuinely enjoying the experience. It was a far cry from the earlier times when I would feel anxious and out of place at such events.The Second MilestoneThe next milestone was at work. I started contributing more in meetings, sharing my ideas without hesitation. My improved communication skills also helped me build better relationships with my colleagues. I could see a positive change in my professional life.Chapter 6: The Continuous JourneySocial skills training is not a one-time solution; it's a continuous journey. Even today, I try to apply the skills I learned during my training in my everyday interactions. Whether it's maintaining eye contact during a conversation, using open body language, or expressing empathy, these small changes have had a significant impact on my life.Chapter 7: The ImpactThe transformation in my connections was profound. I built strong relationships, both personally and professionally. I became more confident in my interactions, and this confidence spilled over into other areas of my life. Most importantly, I realized that social skills are not innate; they can be learned and improved.Chapter 8: The MessageIf you're someone who struggles with social skills, know that you're not alone. It's never too late to learn and improve. Social skills training was a game-changer for me, and it can be for you too. It's about stepping out of your comfort zone, embracing change, and continuously striving to become a better version of yourself. Remember, it's not just about transforming your connections; it's about transforming your life.ConclusionIn conclusion, my journey in social skills training was an enlightening experience. It showed me the power of effective communication and the importance of building strong connections. It taught me that change is possible, and that it begins with taking the first step. I hope my story inspires you to take that step, to embrace change, and to transform your connections, one conversation at a time.
The Crucial Role of Trust Building in Strengthening Relationships
Trust Building
6 months ago
Trust is the cornerstone of any relationship, be it personal or professional. It's the glue that holds people together, the foundation upon which all successful relationships are built. Without trust, relationships crumble. In this article, I will delve into the crucial role of trust-building in strengthening relationships, and why I believe it to be an indispensable aspect of human connection.The Essence of TrustWhat exactly is trust? It's a firm belief in the reliability, truth, or ability of someone or something. It's about being able to rely on someone else, to know that they won't let you down, and to feel safe with them. The essence of trust lies in its ability to foster a sense of security and stability, creating an environment where individuals can thrive.Trust is not something that happens overnight; it's a gradual process that requires time, patience, and effort. It involves getting to know the other person, understanding their values and perspectives, and learning to respect their autonomy and individuality. It's about being open, honest, and transparent with each other, and being willing to admit mistakes and apologize when necessary.Trust and Personal RelationshipsIn personal relationships, trust plays a pivotal role. It forms the backbone of love and intimacy, allowing us to open up to others and share our deepest thoughts, feelings, and fears. With trust, we can be vulnerable and authentic, knowing that we will be accepted and loved for who we are.Trust also fosters empathy and understanding, enabling us to see things from the other person's perspective and respond with compassion and kindness. It allows us to navigate conflicts and disagreements in a constructive manner, promoting mutual growth and development. Without trust, personal relationships become fraught with insecurity, suspicion, and fear, making it difficult for them to flourish.Trust and Professional RelationshipsSimilarly, in professional relationships, trust is of paramount importance. It underpins teamwork and collaboration, facilitating effective communication and problem-solving. When there's trust, team members feel comfortable sharing ideas and opinions, knowing that they will be heard and respected. They are more willing to take risks and push boundaries, which can lead to innovation and progress.Trust also engenders loyalty and commitment, motivating employees to give their best and contribute to the organization's success. It builds a positive work culture where people feel valued and appreciated, leading to increased job satisfaction and productivity. On the contrary, a lack of trust can breed negativity and resentment, hampering performance and morale.Building Trust: An Ongoing EndeavorBuilding trust is not a one-time task but an ongoing endeavor. It requires consistency in words and actions, showing others that you are reliable and dependable. It involves demonstrating integrity and honesty, proving that you are worthy of their trust. It also necessitates showing empathy and understanding, making others feel seen and validated.Moreover, trust-building involves being responsive and accountable. It means following through on promises and commitments, no matter how small they may seem. It involves taking responsibility for one's actions and acknowledging when one has erred. In essence, it's about being a person of your word, someone who others can count on.Conclusion: The Power of TrustTrust, in my opinion, holds immense power. It has the potential to strengthen relationships and build bridges, foster love and connection, and drive growth and innovation. It's the fuel that propels us forward, the compass that guides our interactions, and the lens through which we view the world.Building trust is undoubtedly a challenging task, but the rewards it reaps are well worth the effort. It's an investment that yields rich dividends, enhancing the quality of our relationships and enriching our lives. So, let's make a conscious effort to nurture trust, to value it, and to uphold it, for it's the bedrock of all meaningful relationships.